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Allen MF. 1991. The Ecology of Mycorrhizae. Cambridge
University Press, New York, NY. 184 pp. ISBN 0 521 33531 0
List of figures ix
Preface xi
1. Introduction 1
2. Structure-functioning relationships 9
Types of mycorrhizae and their distribution 9
Structure of the fungal symbiont 12
Structure of the plant symbiont 20
Structure and functioning in the field 22
3. Evolution 26
Paleobiology and the evolution of mycorrhizae 27
Mycorrhizae and habitats of extant plants 30
Molecular biology and the evolution of mycorrhizae 35
Simulation models of mutualism and mycorrhizal relationships 39
General conclusion 42
4. Physiological and population biology 43
Genetic attributes of the symbionts 44
Physiological ecology of the plant symbiont 45
Fitness of the plant symbiont 56
Physiological ecology of the fungal symbiont 59
Fitness of the fungal symbiont 63
Dispersal and establishment of mycorrhizal fungi into 66
new habitats
Fitness and establishing new mycorrhizal associations 68
General Summary 71
5. Community ecology 72
Fungal community interactions 74
Plant community interactions 85
Animal community interactions 95
6. Ecosystem dynamics 102
Distribution of mycorrhizae in different biomes 104
Mycorrhizae and carbon dynamics 108
Mycorrhizae and nitrogen cycling 112
Mycorrhizae and phosphorus cycling 116
Mycorrhizae and other resources 120
Mycorrhizae and patch dynamics 122
General conclusion 126
7. Mycorrhizae and succession 127
Mycorrhizae of different seres 127
Mycorrhizae and patterns of successional initiation 132
Mycorrhizae and succession in a semi-arid shrub-steppe 135
Nudation and survival of residuals 135
Dispersal 136
Ecesis and reaction: seral stages 137
Ecesis and reaction: patch structure 138
General Summary 139
8. Future directions for mycorrhizal research 141
What determines a mycorrhiza? 141
Tracking mycorrhizal fungi 143
Mycorrhizae and the landscape 144
Mechanism of VA mycorrhizal action 147
Restoration of mycorrhizae on disturbed lands 148
Mycorrhizae and air pollution 149
Mycorrhizae and global ecology 151
Conclusion 153
References 154
Index 181
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