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Marks GC, Kozlowski TT. 1973. Ectomycorrhizae. Academic Press, New York.
444 pp. ISBN 0-12-472850-2.
List of Contribuors xi
Preface xiii
1. Structure, Morphogenesis, and Ultrastructure of Ectomycorrhizae
G.C. Marks and R.C. Foster
I. Introduction 2
II. Classification and Structure of Roots Based on External Appearance 2
III. Process of Infection 5
IV. Structure of Mycorrhizae 12
V. The Ultrastructure of Ectomycorrhizae 17
References 35
2. Classification of Ectomycorrhizae
B. Zak
I. The Need for Classification 43
II. Past and Present Classification Attempts 46
III. Characterizing the Ectomycorrhiza 50
IV. Identification of Fungal Symbiont 65
V. Naming the Ectomycorrhiza 70
VI. A Practical Key for Identification of Ectomycorrhizae 70
VII. Discussion 71
References 74
3. Distribution of Ectomycorrhizae in Native and Man-Made Forests
F.H. Meyer
I. Ectomycorrhizae in Native Forests 79
II. Ectomycorrhizae in Man-Made Forests 95
References 101
4. Growth of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi around Seeds and Roots
G.D. Bown and C. Theodorou
I. Introduction 107
II. Survival and Germination of Propagules 109
III. Growth around Seeds 113
IV. Growth around Roots 114
V. Conclusions and Future Approaches 142
References 145
5. Mineral Nutrition of Ectomycorrhizae
G.D. Bowen
I. Introduction 151
II. Tree Response 153
III. Nutrient Uptake from Solutions 157
IV. Uptake from Soils 171
V. The Use of Absorbed Nutrients 188
VI. Conclusions and Future Questions 192
References 197
6. Carbohydrate Physiology of Ectomycorrhizae
Edward Hacskaylo
I. Introduction 207
II. Host Dependence 208
III. Translocation of Carbon Compounds 209
IV. Carbohydrates and Mycorrhizal Formation 210
V. Utilization of Carbon Compounds by Ectomycorrhizal Fungi 216
VI. Carbohydrate Transformation 223
VII. Conclusion 227
References 228
7. Hormonal Relationships in Mycorrhizal Development
V. Slankis
I. Introduction 232
II. Growth Hormones and Growth Regulators Produced by 233
Symbiotic Fungi
III. Effect of Symbiotic Fungus Exudates on Roots 243
IV. Factors Governing Formation of Mycorrhizae 268
References 291
8. The Rhizosphere of Mycorrhizae
Angelo Rambelli
I. Introduction 299
II. Distribution of Rhizospheric and Mycorrhizospheric 329
Microorganisms over the Four Seasons
III. Relationships between Mycorrhizae and Rhizosphere 335
References 343
9. Mycorrhizae and Feeder Root Diseases
Donald H. Marx
I. Introduction 351
II. Field Observations Relating Mycorrhizae to Decreases in 353
Diseases of Feeder Roots
III. Systematic Research Relating Mycorrhizae to Control of 354
Diseases of Feeder Roots
IV. Mechanisms of Resistance of Mycorrhizae to Pathogenic 357
Infections
V. Conclusions 376
References 377
10. Application of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Forestry Practice
Peitsa Mikola
I. Introduction 383
II. Mycorrhizae in Forest Nurseries 385
III. Mycorrhizae at the Establishment of Forest Stands 401
IV. Other Aspects in Forestry 404
References 406
Glossary 413
Author Index 417
Subject Index 429
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