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Norris JR, Read D, Varma AK. 1994. Techniques for Mycorrhizal Research Methods in Microbiology. Academic Press Inc., San Diego, CA. 928 pp. ISBN 0-12-521490-1 Contributors v Preface ix 1. Introduction: The State of the Art 1 J.L. Harley 2. Characterization of Ectomycorrhiza 25 R. Agerer 3. Techniques in Synthesizing Ectomycorrhiza 75 R.L. Peterson and P. Chakravarty 4. Histochemistry of Ectomycorrhiza 107 R.L. Peterson 5. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies in Ectomycorrhizal Fungi 121 F.M. Martin 6. Carbon Metabolism in Mycorrhiza 149 I. Jakobsen 7. Enzymology of Nitrogen Assimilation in Mycorrhiza 181 I. Ahmad and J.A. Hellebust 8. Techniques for the Study of Nitrogen Metabolism in 203 Ectomycorrhiza B. Botton and M. Chalot 9. Ectomycorrhizal DNA: Isolation, RFLPs and Probe Hybridization 253 P.T. Rygiewicz and J.L. Armstrong 10. Procedures and Prospects for DNA-Mediated Transformation of 281 Ectomycorrhizal Fungi P.A. Lemke, V. Barrett and R.K. Dixon 11. Principles of Use of Radioisotopes in Mycorrhizal Studies 295 P.B. Tinker, M.D. Jones and D.M. Durall 12. Techniques for Studying the Functional Aspects of Rhizomorphs 309 of Wood-rotting Fungi: Some Possible Applications to Ectomycorrhiza D.H. Jennings 13. Structural and Ontogenic Study of Ectomycorrhizal Rhizomorphs 331 J.W.G. Cairney 14. Fine-structural Analysis of Mycorrhizal Fungi and Root Systems: 341 Negative Staining and Cryoelectron Microscopic Techniques F. Mayer, M. Madkour, A. Nolte and A. Varma 15. Epifluorescent Microscopy for Identification of Ectomycorrhiza 365 P. Cudlin 16. Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy and Imaging Techniques for 369 Subcellular Localization of Elements of Mycorrhiza I. Kottke 17. Methods for Studying Nursery and Field Response of Trees to 383 Specific Ectomycorrhiza D.H. Marx, J.L. Ruehle and C.E. Cordell 18. Maintenance of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi 413 H. Heinonen-Tanski and T. Holopainen 19. Root Window Technique for in vivo Observation of 423 Ectomycorrhiza on Forest Trees S. Egli and I. Kalin 20. Experiments with Ericoid Mycorrhiza 435 J.R. Leake and D.J. Read 21. Selection of Inoculant Vesicular-arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi 461 L.K. Abbott, A.D. Robson and C. Gazey 22. Methods for the Study of the Population Biology of 483 Vesicular-arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi I.C. Tommerup 23. Quantification of External Hyphae of Vescular-arbuscular 513 Mycorrhizal Fungi D.M. Sylvia 24. A cuvette System Designed to Enable Monitoring of Growth 527 and Spread of Hyphae of Vescular-arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi External to Plant Roots H. Schuepp, M. Bodmer and D.D. Miller 25. Ergosterol Analysis as a Means of Quantifying Mycorrhizal Biomass 537 J.E. Nylund and H. Wallander 26. Establishment of Vesicular-arbuscular Mycorrhiza in Root Organ 549 Culture: Review and Proposed Methodology G. Becard and Y. Piche 27. Cytology, Histochemistry and Immunocytochemistry as Tools for Studying 569 Structure and Function in Endomycorrhiza S. Gianinazzi and V. Gianinazzi-Pearson 28. Pathogenic and Endomycorrhizal Associations 601 P. Bonfante-Fasolo and P. Spanu 29. Isozyme Analysis of Mycorrhizal Fungi and their Mycorrhiza 629 S. Rosendahl and R. Sen 30. Enzymic Separation of Vesicular-arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi 655 from Roots: Methods, Applications and Problems P.A. McGee and S.E. Smith 31. Axenic Culture of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi 663 P.G. Williams 32. Use of Monoclonal Antibodies to Study Mycorrhiza: Present 681 Applications and Perspectives S. Perotto, F. Malavasi and G.W. Butcher 33. Phytohormone Analysis by Enzyme Immunoassays 709 B. Hock, S. Liebmann, H. Beyrle and K. Dressel 34. The Quantification of Arbuscules and Related Structures Using 735 Morphometric Cytology R. Toth 35. Methods for Studying Vesicular-arbuscular Mycorrhizal Root Colonization 761 and Related Root Physical Properties S. Rajapakse and J. Creighton Miller 36. Wet-sieving and Decanting Techniques for the Extraction of Spores 777 of Vesicular-arbuscular Fungi G. Pacioni 37. Usefulness of the Pinnule Technique in Mycorrhizal Research 783 M. Habte 38. Inoculum Production of Vesicular-arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi for 799 Use in Tropical Nurseries F. Feldmann and E. Idczak 39. Vesicular-arbuscular Mycorrhiza: Application in Agriculture 819 G.J. Bagyaraj 40. Vesicular-arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Nitrogen-fixing Legumes: 835 Problems and Prospects G.J. Bethlenfalvay 41. Vesicular-arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Nitrogen-fixing Systems 851 J.M. Barea, R. Azcon and C. Azcon-Aguilar 42. Relationships between the Mycorrhizal and Actinorhizal Symbioses in 877 Non-legumes E. Cervantes and C. Rodriguez-Barrueco Index 893
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