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Pure culture mycorrhizal synthesis of Cistaceae with desert truffles in the genera Terfezia and Tirmania

Poster or talk- Monday (3) Mycorrhizae in Stressed Ecosystems or Tuesday (4) Biodiversity and Ecology
ALSHEIKH, ABDULMAGID
Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O.B. 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait

ICOM1 Abstract
Desert truffles, Terfezia and Tirmania species, are collected from sites where the annual and perennial Helianthemum and other plants in the family Cistaceae are abundant in north Africa and southwest Asia. The mycorrhizal relationship between Cistaceae and Terfezia and Tirmania spp. has been suggested and realized for some species. In this study two annual Cistaceae, H. ledifolium and H. salicifolium, and four perennials, H. kahiricum, H. lippii (from Kuwait desert), Cistus albidus and Fumana procumbens (from southern Europe) were used. Mycelial cultures from spores of Terfezia boudieri, T. claveryi, Tirmania nivea and T. pinoyi germinated in vitro served as inoculum. Although the roots were surrounded by profuse septate hyphae, penetration and colonization of rootlet cells did not always occur. When colonization did occur, hyphae either penetrated cortical cells with intercellular branching and grew randomly within the cells or formed beginnings of a loose mantle as in F. procumbens. Colonized rootlets were thicker and darker than nonmycorrhizal ones. This work suggests that desert truffles survive during unfavorable weather conditions by forming mycorrhizae with some perennial hosts. Mycelial cultures of desert truffles can possibly be used as inocula for perennial species in desert habitats to help increase rangeland productivity, shelter belt projects, and ornamental planting. The success in germinating dried Terfezia and Tirmania spp. spores suggests experiments with dried specimens of other truffles.