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The detection of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMf) in root systems of different plants using fungal/mycorrhizal-specific isozymes as molecular markers.

DODD1,J.C., B. TISSERANT2, N. REQUENA3, V. BRENAC1, J.M. BAREA3 & P. JEFFRIES2
1International Institute for Biotechnology
2Dept. of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7YW, UK
3Estación Experimental del Zaidìn, C.S.I.C., Profesor Albareda 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain

ICOM1 Abstract
Isozyme analysis is a simple and relatively inexpensive technique which can discriminate closely-related organisms. The use of FSI/MSIs as molecular markers has practical use in the detection and identification of AMf in plant roots. Our aim has been, therefore, to use non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to separate isozymes and to track well- characterised AMf in young root systems. In a project funded by the EU called REDEEM (Restoration of Environmental Diversity by Effective Ecosymbiont Monitoring) we have used this technique to identify individual AMf in the roots of Anthyllis cytisoides (a desert shrub legume) and other test plants. The results from a screening of various Glomus spp. in laboratory microcosms using inert growth media (Terragreen, durite sand), in soil from the study site in Almeria (S. Spain), and ultimately in the field, have shown that a cocktail of enzyme stains can be used to identify individual AMf colonising roots at different stages of the symbiosis. The use of an alkaline phosphatase (ALP) stain showed that the non-indigenous symbiont, Glomus microaggregatum (BEG 56), used as the fungal inoculant of A. cytisoides seedlings could be detected 3 months after outplanting into the field. The presence of the ALP marker bands also implied that the fungus was probably still active in the roots, with respect to P transfer, at a time when the seasonal rains had finished. Staining of the roots for ALP activity showed that most occurred in the arbuscules. The results will be discussed with respect to the use of the technique to study the functional ecology of AMf in natural ecosystems.