Mycorrhizal Theses and Dissertations

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1996 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

ACCESSION: 35746941
AUTHOR: Ahrabi-Fard, Susann E.
TITLE: The effects of herbicides on microbial and mycorrhizal populations in native prairie, corn, and non- native prairie vegetation, using the Biolog technique
YEAR: 1996
PUB TYPE: Book
FORMAT: ix, 83 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.
NOTES: Abstract bound with thesis. Thesis (M.A.)--University of Northern Iowa, 1996. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 75-80).
SUBJECT: Bioremediation. Mycorrhizas -- Effect of pollution on. Herbicides -- Environmental aspects.

ACCESSION NO.: AAGC515308
TITLE: ECTOMYCORRHIZAL ACTIVITY AS AFFECTED BY SOIL LIMING (ACIDIFICATION)
AUTHOR: ANDERSSON, SOLBRITT
DEGREE: FIL.DR
YEAR: 1996
INSTITUTION: LUNDS UNIVERSITET (SWEDEN)
SOURCE: DAI, VOL. 57-04C, Page 1149, 00114 Pages
ISBN: 91-7105-075-2
ABSTRACT: Acidification of the forest soils in southern Sweden due to atmospheric deposition has become evident during recent decades. To counteract further acidification, liming of forests in the most affected areas has been proposed. Most forest trees in the temperate and boreal forest ecosystems live in symbiosis with ectomycorrhizal fungi, and their uptake of mineral nutrients from the soil is greatly influenced by the symbiosis. In this thesis effects of liming on ectomycorrhiza have been studied in relation to effects on root colonization, fungal growth and nutrient uptake.

In field experiments the effects of liming on ectomycorrhizal colonization of root tips were variable, possibly due to different soil types and climatic variations. However, a changed mycorrhizal community structure could be detected.

Laboratory studies also showed that the substrate may influence the outcome of lime applications; the nutrient status of the substrate had a marked effect on how mycelial growth was affected by liming. Under the experimental conditions used in the studies presented in this thesis, liming reduced the uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus by both mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants. The amount of extractable nitrogen and phosphorus in the peat was also reduced by liming. The latter could be due to either microbial or chemical immobilization. The lime induced decrease in nitrogen uptake was stronger in non-mycorrhizal plants than in mycorrhizal plants. Thus, the mycorrhizal plants had a higher ability to deal with the negative effects of liming on nitrogen availability than the non-mycorrhizal plants. This was not the case for phosphorus, however. The lime induced decrease in phosphorus uptake was stronger for mycorrhizal plants than non-mycorrhizal plants, and in the highest lime treatment there was no significant difference between the mycorrhizal and the non-mycorrhizal spruce plants.

It was concluded that field studies of the effects of liming on the ectomycorrhizal flora, which systematically take into consideration the nutrient status of the soil, are necessary to provide a better basis for predicting the changes of the mycorrhizal flora after liming. As a complement to this, the effects of liming on the function of the ectomycorrhizal fungi also have to be studied. In this thesis the effects of liming on nutrient uptake were studied in one ectomycorrhizal fungus, used as a model organism. Before attempting to predict the general effects of liming on the functioning of mycorrhiza, similar studies are required using a number of other mycorrhizal fungi which are believed to be of ecological importance.

ACCESSION NO.: AAG9715956
TITLE: EVALUATION OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA POPULATIONS FOR ENHANCING SWITCHGRASS YIELD AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE (PANICUM VIRGATUM, NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, ANDROPOGON GERARDII, BIG BLUESTEM, SORGHUM BICOLOR, GLYCINE MAX)
AUTHOR: BREJDA, JOHN JOSEPH
DEGREE: PH.D.
YEAR: 1996
INSTITUTION: THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA - LINCOLN
ADVISER: Supervisors: LOWELL E. MOSER; KENNETH P. VOGEL
SOURCE: DAI, VOL. 57-12B, Page 7279, 00161 Pages
ABSTRACT: To enhance the economic viability of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) as a forage or biomass crop, rapid stand establishment and high yields are needed using low inputs, particularly nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form symbiotic relationships with mycotrophic species, and can increase water and nutrient uptake by their host, and colonization by AMF may be essential for plant establishment and survival with mycorrhizal dependent plant species.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculum was collected from native and seeded switchgrass stands in Nebraska, Kansas, Iowa, Missouri, Virginia, and North Carolina. Four switchgrass cultivars were inoculated with AMF from each collection, and grown in sand cultures for 12 wk. Mycorrhiza inoculated plants produced 15-fold greater shoot and root yields, and recovered six-fold more N and 36-fold more P than non-mycorrhizal plants, indicating that switchgrass is highly mycorrhizal dependent. Plants inoculated with AMF from seeded switchgrass stands averaged 1.5-fold greater shoot and root yields than plants inoculated with AMF from native prairies. Switchgrass, big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) and soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) were grown for 12 wk in sand cultures inoculated with three highly or three moderately effective AMF populations. Switchgrass and big bluestem responded similar to inoculation with the different AMF. However, sorghum and soybeans responses were different from switchgrass, suggesting that highly effective AMF associated with seeded switchgrass stands are not highly effective for these crops.

Switchgrass seedlings were inoculated with highly effective, moderately effective, or indigenous AMF populations, and grown in cone-tainers for 12-wk prior to transplanting in a Sharpsburg silty clay loam (fine montmorillonitic mesic typic Argiudoll) and an Ortello loam (coarse loamy mixed mesic udic Haplustoll) near Mead, NE. Switchgrass yield or N- and P-uptake were not significantly different between the introduced and the indigenous AMF at either site. This may have resulted from the inability of the introduced AMF to compete with the indigenous AMF for colonization of new switchgrass roots.

ACCESSION: 36246605
AUTHOR: Brejda, John Joseph.
TITLE: Evaluation of arbuscular mycorrhiza populations for enhancing switchgrass yield and nutrient uptake
YEAR: 1996
PUB TYPE: Book
FORMAT: v, 161 leaves ; 28 cm.
NOTES: Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Nebraska-- Lincoln, 1996. Includes bibliographical references.

ACCESSION: 36406827
AUTHOR: Burkett, Virginia
TITLE: Effects of flooding regime, mycorrhizal inoculation and seedling treatment type on the establishment of nuttal oak (Quercus nuttallii Palmer)
YEAR: 1996
PUB TYPE: Book
FORMAT: xii, 140 leaves ; 29 cm.
NOTES: Vita. Thesis (Ph. D.)--Stephen F. Austin State University, 1996. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 126- 136).
SUBJECT: Mycorrhiza fungi -- Southern states. Nuttal oak. Quercus nuttalli.

ACCESSION: 34983330
AUTHOR: Farmer, David Joseph, 1968-
TITLE: Characterization of ectomycorrhizal fungi by amplification and subsequent restriction enzyme analysis of the internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal RNA genes
YEAR: 1996
PUB TYPE: Book
FORMAT: v, 91 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm.
NOTES: Typescript. Vita. Thesis (M.S.)--University of Florida, 1996. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 85-90).
SUBJECT: Plants -- Nutrition. Ectomycorrhizas -- Genetics. Ectomycorrhizas -- Identification. Gene amplification.

ACCESSION: 38102368
AUTHOR: Fisher, Diane Marie.
TITLE: The responses of tallgrass prairie grasses from a central and a relictual site to inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in native and foreign combinations
YEAR: 1996
PUB TYPE: Book
FORMAT: xvi, 199 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.
NOTES: Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Colorado, 1996. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 179- 187).
SUBJECT: Grasses -- Colorado -- Boulder. Grasses -- Kansas -- Konza Prairie Research Natural Area. Mycorrhizal fungi. Symbiosis.

ACCESSION: 38536692
AUTHOR: Green, Craig Dale.
TITLE: Transpiration of detached mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal leaves fed varying abscisic acid, pH, calcium and phosphorus
YEAR: 1996
PUB TYPE: Book
FORMAT: viii, 48 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.
NOTES: Vita. Thesis (M. S.)--University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 1996. Bibliography : leaves 40-47.
SUBJECT: Mycorrhizal fungi. Plants -- Transpiration. Plants -- Nutrition.

ACCESSION: 36458401
AUTHOR: Luttger, Andrea Beate.
TITLE: Bedeutung der Wurzellange und der nativen arbuskularen Mykorrhiza auf P-fixierende Boden in Nordindien fur die Nahrstoff- und Transpirationseffizienz bei Sommerweizen (Triticum aestivum L.)
PLACE: Gottingen :
PUBLISHER: Gottinger Beitrage zur Land- und Forstwirtschaft in den Tropen und Subtropen,
YEAR: 1996
PUB TYPE: Book
FORMAT: v, 165 p. : ill. ; 21 cm.
SERIES: Gottinger Beitrage zur Land- und Forstwirtschaft in den Tropen und Subtropen ; Heft 111
NOTES: Thesis--George-August-Universitat Gottingen. Includes bibliographical references (p. 134-149).
ISBN: 3884524372
ALT TITLE: Significance of root length and native arbuscular mycorrhiza on phosphorus-fixing soils in northern India for the nutrient and transpiration efficiency in summer wheat (Triticum aestivam L.). eng

ACCESSION: 38292503
AUTHOR: Miller, Michelle L., 1956-
TITLE: The effect of four composts on the establishment of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae in soilless media
YEAR: 1996
PUB TYPE: Book
FORMAT: 88 leaves, bound : col. ill. ; 29 cm.
NOTES: Typescript (photocopy) Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 1997. Includes bibliographical references.
SUBJECT: Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas.

ACCESSION NO.: AAG9635338
TITLE: INTERACTIONS OF VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI, HERBICIDES AND CROPS
AUTHOR: NEDUMPARA, MERCY JOSEPH
DEGREE: PH.D.
YEAR: 1996
INSTITUTION: IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY
ADVISER: Major Professors: THOMAS B. MOORMAN; THOMAS E. LOYNACHAN
SOURCE: DAI, VOL. 57-06B, Page 3557, 00097 Pages
ABSTRACT: The vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi are root symbionts associated with many vesicular plant species. The contribution of VAM fungi on uptake of herbicides by plant root systems and degradation of herbicides in the rhizosphere and the consequent effects on herbicide tolerance by crop plants were investigated. The results of the different studies conducted on herbicide uptake have demonstrated that colonization of corn and soybean by the VAM fungus, Glomus epigaeus enhanced the efficiency of root uptake of atrazine and trifluralin. The hyphae of G. epigaeus were able to absorb $sp{14}$C-atrazine from soil and translocate to corn plants. Experiments conducted on the effect of mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal rhizosphere on atrazine degradation in soil showed that degradation of atrazine in soil was not affected by corn and G. epigaeus. Rhizosphere and presence of G. epigaeus enhanced bound residue formation in soil. Experiments were conducted in greenhouse conditions using low and high P soil that simulated exposure of soybean and corn to atrazine and trifluralin, respectively due to carry-over. Colonization by VAM fungi significantly enhanced P uptake and plant growth at lower concentrations of herbicides. There was no effect of VAM fungi on plant growth in high P soil. In low P soil the positive effects of VAM fungi on plant growth due to enhanced P uptake were more important than any negative effects due to increased herbicide uptake.

ACCESSION: 36349278
AUTHOR: Niemira, Brendan Anthony.
TITLE: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alter productivity and morphology and decrease storage rot in Solanum tuberosum under high input conditions
YEAR: 1996
PUB TYPE: Book
FORMAT: x, 104 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm.
NOTES: Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Botnay and Plant Pathology, 1996. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101- 104).
SUBJECT: Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas. Mycorrhizal plants. Potatoes -- Diseases and pests.

ACCESSION: 36868004
AUTHOR: O'Neill, Elizabeth Gerry, 1946-
TITLE: The roles of mycorrhizae, soil microbes, and microbially-mediated soil processes in forest tree responses to rising atmoshperic CO2
YEAR: 1996
PUB TYPE: Book
FORMAT: xiii, 145 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.
NOTES: Vita. Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 1996. Bibliography : leaves 126-144.
SUBJECT: Trees -- Effect of atomospheric carbon dioxide on. Forest ecology. Soil microbiology.

ACCESSION: 38913308
AUTHOR: Page, Jennifer Marie.
TITLE: The effects of habitat fragmentation on the mycorrhizal association of Phlox pilosa L., prairie phlox
YEAR: 1997
PUB TYPE: Book
FORMAT: vii, 58 leaves, bound ; 28 cm.
NOTES: Typescript (photocopy). Thesis (M.S.)--University of Iowa, 1997. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 52-58).

ACCESSION NO.: AAG9634826
TITLE: EFFECTS OF VESICULAR ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL (VAM) FUNGI ON DROUGHT RESISTANCE OF NEEM TREES (AZADIRACHTA INDICA A. JUSS) (GLOMUS INTRARADICES)
AUTHOR: PHAVAPHUTANON, LOP
DEGREE: PH.D.
YEAR: 1996
INSTITUTION: TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY
ADVISER: Chair: FRED T. DAVIES, JR.
SOURCE: DAI, VOL. 57-06B, Page 3601, 00166 Pages
ABSTRACT: Effects of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus Glomus intraradices Schenck and Smith, phosphorus (P), and drought on growth, nutrient uptake, gas exchange, water relations, water use efficiency, and carbon isotope discrimination $(Delta)$ of neem trees were studied in a series of glasshouse experiments. VAM increased plant growth when soil P supply was low. Growth enhancement was associated with increased nutrient uptake, particularly P, increased photosynthetic rate (A), stomatal conductance $(gsb{s}),$ and greater arbuscule and extraradical hyphae development. At high soil P, VAM colonization decreased and VAM and Non-VAM plants had comparable growth, tissue nutrition, A and $gsb{s}.$ VAM and Non-VAM plants of comparable size and tissue nutrition responded to drought similarly. As a function of soil P supply, however, VAM compensated for low P supply, allowing VAM plants to have comparable growth, tissue P, and other physiological parameters as Non-VAM plants--which received higher P supply. Drought decreased growth, leaf area, transpiration (E), A, $gsb{s},$ leaf water potential, and turgor, but had less effect on relative water content and osmotic potential $(Psisb{pi}).$ Neem tree leaves had low $Psisb{pi}$ even under non-stressed conditions. Osmotic adjustment did not occur, but the relatively low $Psisb{pi}$ allowed turgor maintenance at peak stress. Plant water relations and A of stressed plants recovered to the level of non- stressed plants after rehydration, while $gsb{s}$ and E partially recovered.

Instantaneous water use efficiency (A/E) increased during drought and recovery, except for a decrease at peak stress due to very low A. The $Delta$ of fully expanded mature leaves, remained constant regardless of VAM or drought treatments. However, $Delta$ decreased in younger expanding leaves which developed during a drought period, indicating an increased long-term water use efficiency of these leaves. Water use efficiency estimated from the ratio of dry mass gained to water lost, in contrast, decreased during a drought period, due to less dry mass produced and loss of dry mass via leaf abscission. Growth of droughted plants resumed after rehydration. With low P supply, VAM increased growth and new root regeneration during a recovery period.

ACCESSION: 35001230
AUTHOR: Schultz, Peggy Ann, 1961-
TITLE: Arbuscular mycorrhizal species diversity and distribution in an old field community
YEAR: 1996
PUB TYPE: Book
FORMAT: viii, 126 leaves : ill. (some col.), maps ; 29 cm.
NOTES: Typescript. Vita. Thesis (Ph. D.)--Duke University, 1996. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112- 125)

ACCESSION: 37990776
AUTHOR: Starrett, Mark Christopher, 1965-
TITLE: Isolation, storage, and use of ericoid mycorrhizal fungi for improved acclimatization and subsequent growth of micropropagated Pieris floribunda
YEAR: 1996
PUB TYPE: Book
FORMAT: x, 105 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm.
NOTES: Includes vita. Thesis (Ph. D.)--North Carolina State University. Includes bibliographical references.

ACCESSION: 35817907
AUTHOR: Terry, Bridget N.
TITLE: The relationship between three plant species and the seasonality of mycorrhizal colonization
YEAR: 1996
PUB TYPE: Book
FORMAT: xiii, 91 leaves ; ill. 28 cm.
NOTES: Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern New Mexico University, 1996. Bibliography: leaves 37-44.
SUBJECT: Mycorrhizal fungi. Phytopathogenic fungi -- Host plants. Graduate School, Biology.

ACCESSION: 38763484
AUTHOR: Thorne, Mark Ervin, 1957-
TITLE: Arbuscular mycorrhizae influence on Secar bluebunch wheatgrass growth in spoils, and, occurrence in early-successional plant communities of the Midnite Mine, north-central Washington
YEAR: 1996
PUB TYPE: Book
FORMAT: xix, 158 leaves, bound : ill. (some col.) ; 29 cm.
NOTES: Computer-produced typeface. Thesis (M.S.)--Washington State University, 1996. Includes bibliographical references.
SUBJECT: Mycorrhizal fungi. Abandoned mined lands reclamation -- Washington (State) -- Stevens County. Agropyron. Centaurea. Sewage sludge as fertilizer.

ACCESSION: 35754135
AUTHOR: Turner, Stephen D. (Stephen Donald), 1969-
TITLE: An assessment of the mycorrhizal fungal status of wetland prairie plant species : implications for ecological restoration
YEAR: 1996
PUB TYPE: Book
FORMAT: ix, 115 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.
NOTES: Thesis (M.S. in Biology)--University of Dayton. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 74-79).
SUBJECT: Mycorrhizal fungi -- Ohio -- Greene County. Wetland ecology -- Ohio -- Greene County. Zimmerman Prairie.
OTHER: University of Dayton. Dept. of Biology.

ACCESSION: 35753889
AUTHOR: Vigderson, Sarah Healy, 1969-
TITLE: The plant and mycorrhizal fungal community dynamics of a desertified region of semiarid northern Chile
YEAR: 1996
PUB TYPE: Book
FORMAT: xi, 114 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.
NOTES: Thesis (M.S. in Biology)--University of Dayton. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101- 114).
SUBJECT: Mycorrhizal plants -- Chile. Mycorrhizal fungi -- Chile. Deserts -- Chile. Arid regions -- Chile.
OTHER: University of Dayton. Dept. of Biology.

ACCESSION: 36794484
AUTHOR: Wetzel, Paul Robert.
TITLE: The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in prairie wetlands
YEAR: 1996
PUB TYPE: Book
FORMAT: 107 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm.
NOTES: Typescript (photocopy) Thesis (Ph. D.)--Iowa State University, 1996. Includes bibliography.

ACCESSION: 36418492
AUTHOR: Workman, Sarah Weems, 1956-
TITLE: Growth and nitrogen fixation responses to inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, varied soil phosphorus, and water stress by Acacia spp. and Prosopis spp.
YEAR: 1996
PUB TYPE: Book
FORMAT: vi, 172 leaves : ill., maps ; 29 cm.
NOTES: Directed by Lindsay R. Boring. Includes articles submitted to Forest ecology and management and Mycorrhiza. Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Georgia, 1996. Includes bibliographical references.

ACCESSION: 35646792
AUTHOR: Wright, Robert J., 1966-
TITLE: Fire effects on fine roots, mycorrhizae, and nutrient dynamics in a southwestern ponderosa pine forest
PLACE: [Flagstaff, Ariz.] :
PUBLISHER: Northern Arizona University,
YEAR: 1996
PUB TYPE: Book
FORMAT: x, 87 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.
NOTES: Thesis (M.S.)--Northern Arizona University, 1996. Includes bibliographical references.
SUBJECT: Ponderosa pine -- Wounds and injuries. Ponderosa pine -- Roots. Mycorrhizal fungi. Prescribed burning -- Arizona. Fire ecology -- Arizona.
OTHER: Northern Arizona University. School of Forestry.

ACCESSION NO.: AAG9638301
TITLE: NITROGEN FIXATION AND SYMBIOSIS OF CICER MILKVETCH (ASTRAGALUS CICER L.) WITH RHIZOBIA IN A WYOMING RECLAIMED RANGELAND
AUTHOR: ZHAO, ZHIPENG
DEGREE: PH.D.
YEAR: 1996
INSTITUTION: UNIVERSITY OF WYOMING
ADVISER: Advisers: STEPHEN E. WILLIAMS; GERALD E. SCHUMAN
SOURCE: DAI, VOL. 57-07B, Page 4104, 00111 Pages
ABSTRACT: At the Shirley Basin Uranium mine, a reclaimed site in Wyoming, the spatial distribution of dehydrogenase activity, rhizobia and VAM fungal propagules around the legume, cicer milkvetch (Astragalus cicer L.), and adjacent grasses was studied. It was found that soil depth was a significant factor influencing the distribution patterns; soil microbial activities and the symbiotic microbes were evenly distributed in the same soil horizon; rhizobial population densities in soils occupied by A. cicer were not significantly larger than those in soils occupied by grasses.

Symbiotic N fixation of A. cicer was estimated in the field using the acetylene reduction assay (ARA) and $sp{15}$N dilution technique during the growing seasons. The nitrogenase activity of A. cicer started in early June, reached a maximum in late-June, then disappeared in early August. Using $sp{15}$N dilution technique, the conversion factor of $rm Csb2Hsb2$ to N$sb2$ was determined as 2.6:1, and the annual N-fixed by A. cicer at the Shirley Basin was 0.32 kg/ha. It was also found that A. cicer and bromegrasses (Bromus biebersteinii Roem. and Schult. and Bromus inermis Leyss.) benefited each other when growing together. The symbiotic N fixation of A. cicer was greatly enhanced in mixed- culture, although there was no significant N-transfer from A. cicer to bromegrasses. For comparative purpose, symbiotic N fixation by some native legumes found in rangelands, a riparian zone, and forests were also evaluated using ARA.

Twelve bacterial isolates were made from the root nodules of A. cicer; however, only two formed true nodules with A. cicer. Transformation tests suggested that the isolates lost genetic material during the isolation process, and that the sterilized soil system was able to act as a DNA donor to provide DNA plasmid(s) to microbes in soil. The verified rhizobial isolates were quite diverse and could be divided into three groups based on characteristics of known ATCC strains. Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii, bv. viceae, and Rhizobium loti of ATCC rhizobia could nodulate A. cicer. Whereas the Shirley Basin (SB) isolates could nodulate Medicago sativa, Phaseolus vulgaris, and Melilotus officinalis but not other species from Astragalus. Obviously, the SB rhizobial isolates can be quite different, and the rhizobia able to nodulate A. cicer may also be quite diverse.