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2009 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Title: Studies on the endomycorhizal synthesis in Sesamum indicum L.
Author: Rajasree, R.
Degree: Ph.D.
Language: English
Year: 2009
University: Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, INDIA
Supervisor: Dr. V.S. Harikumar, Department of Botany, Sanatana Dharma College, Alappuzha, India
Email: vsharikumar@yahoo.co.in
Web: www.sdcollege.ac.in
Keywords: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, sesame, growth, nutrition
Abstract:
The field study on AM fungal association in sesame conducted during the first phase of the present investigation revealed the existence of wide variation in root colonization and spore density in the rhizosphere soils. Soil characters had a profound influence on both root colonization and spore density in soil. G. dimorphicum was the most dominant species associated with sesame grown in the region under study. The developmental pattern of fungal structures differed with AM species infecting sesame. Among the different AM fungi more fungal structures such as intercellular hyphae vesicles and arbuscules were produced by plants inoculated with G. versiformae. Development of fungal structures was more vigorous during early stages of plant growth.The indigenous isolates of AM fungi improved the growth and yield characters of sesame. Among the different indigenous AM fungi, G. dimorphicum was the most efficient one in enhancing the growth and yield of sesame. Infectivity of spores of G. dimorphicum on sesame varied after incubation in different soil types. Addition of P to soil negatively affected the infectivity of AM fungi. The spores of G. dimorphicum retained its infectivity upto five months in most soils in the absence of host. Screening of field grown sesame accessions revealed that genotype dependent variation exists in sesame. Sesame accessions in general recorded a very low level of AM colonization in roots. However, the crop was greatly dependent on indigenous AM colonization for growth and nutrition. Growth yield, biochemical components and P nutrition were improved by AM inoculation at the minimal use of P fertilizers and irrigation. The combined effect of AM fungi, P fertilizer and irrigation helped the plant in enhancing the above parameters. The tripartite interaction involving AM fungi, Azospirillum and sesame at the moderate level of NP fertilizers led to an increase in AM colonization, growth and nutrient status of the crop.Among the five inoculation methods tried in sesame, the broadcast of seeds coated with AM inoculum and gel entrapped spores to field was found to be more effective over other methods in improving AM colonization and yield of the crop.
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